Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: High-fat diet-induced upregulation of exosomal phosphatidylcholine contributes to insulin resistance

doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20500-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Plasma and WAT cytokine array of mice that received CD63 + A33 + exosomes (L-Exo or H-Exo) for 14 days. b Fold change in H-Exo vs. L-Exo-induced plasma cytokine expression for all cytokines showing greater than two-fold change. Red bars show cytokines/factors known to be involved in insulin resistance. c TNF-α (left) and IL-6 (right) upregulation following treatment with H-Exo were confirmed by ELISA in plasma. Filled circle—PBS, filled triangle—L-Exo, and filled rectangle—H-Exo. d ITT performed on C57BL/6 mice that received exosomes via adoptive transfer for 14 days followed with or without macrophage depletion. Filled rectangle—macrophage-depleted mice treated with H-Exo; filled diamond—mice without macrophage depletion treated with PBS and circle—mice without macrophage depletion treated with H-Exo. e Glucose uptake assay performed on hepatocytes cultured with different concentrations of H-Exo (as indicated in the figure). f Glucose uptake assay performed on mouse hepatocytes supplemented with supernatant derived from macrophages cultured with nanoparticles derived from H-Exo total lipids (H-Exo Nano) and PC (34:2). g Supernatants from H-Exo-treated macrophages (monocytes+ 5 × 10 6 ) were preneutralized with anti-TNF-α and/or anti-IL-6 antibodies. Glucose uptake by hepatocytes cultured in the presence of preneutralized supernatant was estimated. Data are represented as the mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test. * < 0.05; **** < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Cytokines were analyzed with a Proteome Profiler Mouse XL Cytokine Array Kit (R&D Systems, ARY028) as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Adoptive Transfer Assay, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Temporal Regulation of Early-Stage Cytokine Expression in Diabetic Wound Healing Under Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

doi: 10.3390/ijms26104634

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine expression in diabetic wound healing. Cytokine expression profiles in type 2 diabetic mouse model at four-time points: 0, 0.5, 2, and 16 h after wounding under two pressure conditions: AP and NP. Color frames indicate wound healing stages (early to late): hemostasis (orange), inflammation (red), inflammation and proliferation (purple), proliferation (blue), and remodeling (grey). Rows A through J represent cytokine target spots based on the predefined array layout of the Mouse XL Cytokine Array (R&D Systems). For details on spot assignments and cytokine identities, please refer to the product documentation provided by the manufacturer.

Article Snippet: Serum cytokine levels were measured using the Mouse XL Cytokine Array (R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand McKinley Place NE Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Temporal Regulation of Early-Stage Cytokine Expression in Diabetic Wound Healing Under Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

doi: 10.3390/ijms26104634

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the experimental design and cytokine analysis. Diabetic (DB) mice were treated with atmospheric pressure (AP) or negative pressure wound therapy (NP), with serum collected at 0, 0.5, 2, and 16 h post-wounding for cytokine array analysis. Previously published wild-type (WT) data were used as a reference. Heatmaps and time-course plots visualize cytokine expression dynamics. A one-sided binomial test was applied to assess statistically significant shifts in cytokine peak timing between groups.

Article Snippet: Serum cytokine levels were measured using the Mouse XL Cytokine Array (R&D Systems, Inc. a Bio-Techne Brand McKinley Place NE Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: The Laryngoscope

Article Title: Murine Pro-Inflammatory Responses to Acute and Sustained Intermittent Hypoxia: Implications for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research.

doi: 10.1002/lary.30915

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Study design. C57BL6/J mice aged 8–10 weeks exposed to normoxic or intermittent hypoxic (IH) conditions for 7 days (short- term) versus 6 weeks (long-term) under 12 h light and 12 h dark cycles. Mice were exposed to IH ( 50 episodes per hour, 21%–8% O2 desaturation) only during the inactive/light phase. Mice in the normoxic control group were exposed to continuous room air in inactive/light and active/dark phases. All animals were fed ad libitum. The mice were kept in constant darkness under normoxic conditions for 2 days after exposure to normoxia or IH. On the sec- ond day of constant darkness, multiple tissues, including circulating serum, the lung, and the heart, were collected over a 24-h period with 3-h intervals. We then sequenced mRNA on specific organs and analyzed the panel of genes associated with R&D Systems’ Mouse XL cytokine array. We analyzed mean 24-h expression changes of pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. We also measured protein levels of these pro-inflammatory modulators from the tissues collected at ZT 22:30 (ZT 0 = start of light phase) using Mouse XL Cytokine array Proteome Kit. At least three mice were used for each condi- tion across all time points in our short- and long-term experiments. This figure was created with BioRender.com.

Article Snippet: Gene expression was assessed for those inflammatory mediators covered by the Mouse XL Cytokine Panel of R&D systems.

Techniques: Control, Expressing